對于mysql的數據庫的安裝，我們有很多種選擇來完成。而最為常用的為二進制安裝以及源碼安裝。二進制安裝方式中，包括rpm版本以及glibc版本。rpm版本就是在特定linux版本下編譯的，如果你的linux版本匹配，就可以安裝，如針對RedHat6或者RedHat7編譯好的rpm包，下載對應的安裝即可。還有另外一種二進制安裝包為基于特定的glibc版本編譯的，本文主要描述基于glibc方式安裝mysql。
一、準備安裝環境
###準備安裝介質下載地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz?###或者使用wget方式直接下載對應的版本 #?wget?http://www.php.cn/#?mkdir?-pv?/u01/app#?mkdir?-pv?/u01/soft#?mkdir?-pv?/u02/mysqldata#?cd?/u01/soft#?wget?http://www.php.cn/? #?tar?-xf?mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz#?ln?-sv?/u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64?/u01/app/mysql`/u01/app/mysql'?->?` /u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'###下面添加mysql用戶#?useradd?-r?mysql?-s?/sbin/nologin#?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/u01/app/mysql #?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/u02/mysqldata
二、初始化mysql
###使用以下的方式來初始化#?cd?/u01/app/mysql/bin#?./mysqld?--initialize?--basedir=/u01/app/mysql?--datadir=/u02/mysqldata?--user=mysql? --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp2016-06-28T02:18:23.437852Z?0?[Warning]?InnoDB:?New?log?files?created,?LSN=457902016-06-28T02:18:23.718104Z?0? [Warning]?InnoDB:?Creating?foreign?key?constraint?system?tables.2016-06-28T02:18:23.866501Z?0?[Warning]?No?existing?UUID?has?been?found,? so?we?assume?that?this?is?the?first?time?that?this ?????server?has?been?started.?Generating?a?new?UUID:?9731b834-3cd6-11e6-8654-fcaa14e34b30.2016-06-28T02:18:23.896540Z?0? ?????[Warning]?Gtid?table?is?not?ready?to?be?used.?Table?'mysql.gtid_executed'?cannot?be?opened.2016-06-28T02:18:23.898416Z? ?????1?[Note]?A?temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost:?)%%D0pr,mU.Y#?ls?/u02/mysqldata/auto.cnf????client-cert.pem?? ?????ibdata1??????performance_schema??sys ca-key.pem??client-key.pem???ib_logfile0??server-cert.pem ca.pem??????client-req.pem???ib_logfile1??server-key.pem ca-req.pem??ib_buffer_pool???mysql????????server-req.pem###從上面的結果可以看出?mysql?5.7多出了證書相關文件，安全較5.6有較大提升 ###mysql_install_db方式初始化數據已經被廢棄#?./mysql_install_db?--basedir=/u01/app/mysql?--datadir=/u02/mysqldata?--user=mysql2016-06-28?10:04:56? [WARNING]?mysql_install_db?is?deprecated.? Please?consider?switching?to?mysqld?--initialize2016-06-28?10:05:15?[WARNING]?The?bootstrap?log?isn't?empty:2016-06-28?10:05:15?[WARNING]? 2016-06-28T02:04:56.688237Z?0?[Warning]?--bootstrap?is?deprecated.?Please?consider?using?--initialize?instead2016-06-28T02:04:56.688654Z?0? [Warning]?Changed?limits:?max_open_files:?1024?(requested?5000)2016-06-28T02:04:56.688657Z?0?[Warning]?Changed? limits:?table_open_cache:?431?(requested?2000)###如上書提示，mysql_install_db方式初始化數據已經被廢棄，建議使用mysqld?--initialize，同時也給出了參數限制的警告 #?cp?/u01/app/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf?/etc/my.cnf#?cp?/u01/app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld#?vim?/etc/my.cnf?[mysqld] sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES basedir=/u01/app/mysql datadir=/u02/mysqldata user=mysql port=3306#?vim?/etc/profile.d/mysql.shexport?MYSQL_HOME=/u01/app/mysql export?PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin#?source?/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh#?service?mysqld?startStarting?MySQL.????????????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]
三、配置安全選項
###使用初始化時得到的密碼配置安全選項 #?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation?-p)%%D0pr,mU.Y mysql_secure_installation:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure. Securing?the?MySQL?server?deployment. The?existing?password?for?the?user?account?root?has?expired.?Please?set?a?new?password. New?password:? Re-enter?new?password:? VALIDATE?PASSWORD?PLUGIN?can?be?used?to?test?passwordsand?improve?security.?It?checks?the?strength?of?passwordand?allows?the?users?to?set? only?those?passwords?which?aresecure?enough.?Would?you?like?to?setup?VALIDATE?PASSWORD?plugin? Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No:?y???###是否校驗密碼插件 There?are?three?levels?of?password?validation?policy: LOW????Length?>=?8MEDIUM?Length?>=?8,?numeric,?mixed?case,?and?special?characters STRONG?Length?>=?8,?numeric,?mixed?case,?special?characters?and?dictionary?file Please?enter?0?=?LOW,?1?=?MEDIUM?and?2?=?STRONG:?2??###設定密碼策略等級Using?existing?password?for?root. Estimated?strength?of?the?password:?100?Change?the?password?for?root???((Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:? ?...?skipping.By?default,?a?MySQL?installation?has?an?anonymous?user, allowing?anyone?to?log?into?MySQL?without?having?to?have a?user?account?created?for?them.?This?is?intended?only?fortesting,?and?to?make?the?installation?go?a?bit?smoother. You?should?remove?them?before?moving?into?a?production environment. Remove?anonymous?users??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否移除匿名用戶 Success. Normally,?root?should?only?be?allowed?to?connect?from'localhost'.?This?ensures?that?someone?cannot?guess?atthe?root?password?from?the?network. Disallow?root?login?remotely??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否關閉root遠程登陸功能 Success.By?default,?MySQL?comes?with?a?database?named?'test'?that anyone?can?access.?This?is?also?intended?only?for?testing,and?should?be?removed?before?moving?into?a?production environment. Remove?test?database?and?access?to?it??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否移除測試數據庫 ?-?Dropping?test?database...? Success. ?-?Removing?privileges?on?test?database... Success. Reloading?the?privilege?tables?will?ensure?that?all?changes made?so?far?will?take?effect?immediately. Reload?privilege?tables?now??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否立即生效權限表 Success.All?done!? ###以下為安全增強相關的部分參數 mysql>?show?variables?like?'valid%';+--------------------------------------+--------+|?Variable_name???????????????????|?Value??| +--------------------------------------+--------+|?validate_password_dictionary_file????|????????| |?validate_password_length?????????????|?8??????| |?validate_password_mixed_case_count???|?1??????| |?validate_password_number_count???????|?1??????| |?validate_password_policy?????????????|?STRONG?| |?validate_password_special_char_count?|?1??????| +--------------------------------------+--------+
四、同一主機配置其他實例
###按上面描述的步驟創建其對應的目錄及授權后，再執行初始化###使用新的配置文件，如下文本示例使用的為3317#?mkdir?-pv?/u02/mysqldata3317#?chown?-R?mysql:mysql? /u02/mysqldata?3317#?grep?-v?^#?/etc/my3317.cnf[mysqld] basedir=/u01/app/mysql datadir=/u02/mysqldata3317 user=mysql port=3317socket=/tmp/mysql3317.sock#?cd?/u01/app/mysql/bin#?./mysqld?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf?--initialize?--user=mysql? --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp#?2016-06-30T08:32:52.497519Z?0?[Warning]?InnoDB:?New?log?files?created,?LSN=457902016-06-30T08:32:52.852457Z?0? [Warning]?InnoDB:?Creating?foreign?key?constraint?system?tables.2016-06-30T08:32:53.042621Z?0?[Warning]?No?existing?UUID?has?been?found,? so?we?assume?that?this?is?the?first?time?that?this?server?has?been?started. ???Generating?a?new?UUID:?3cb1686d-3e9d-11e6-a71f-fcaa14e34b30.2016-06-30T08:32:53.081210Z?0?[Warning]?Gtid?table?is?not?ready?to?be?used.? Table?'mysql.gtid_executed'?cannot?be?opened.2016-06-30T08:32:53.082538Z?1?[Note]?A?temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost:?:8 #l!MCYoCNY###?Author?:?Leshami###?Blog???:?http://www.php.cn/#?mysqld_safe?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf?&[1]?58252016-06-30T08:11:49.468176Z? mysqld_safe?Logging?to?'/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.2016-06-30T08:11:49.480379Z?mysqld_safe?The?file?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld does?not?exist?or?is?not?executable.?Please?cd?to?the?mysql?installation directory?and?restart?this?script?from?there?as?follows: ./bin/mysqld_safe& See?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html?for?more?information###如果執行mysqld_safe出現上述錯誤，可以創建軟鏈。 這個地方有問題，對于安裝在非缺省目錄時出現了這個問題。#?mkdir?-pv?/usr/local/mysql/bin/#?ln?-sv?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld ??????"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld"?->?"/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld"#?./mysqld_safe?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf?&[1]?82872016-06-30T08:38:38.455961Z ???????mysqld_safe?Logging?to?'/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.2016-06-30T08:38:38.471542Z?mysqld_safe?Starting?mysqld?daemon?with?databases?from? ???????/u02/mysqldata3317###配置安全選項#?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation?-P3317?-S?/tmp/mysql3317.sock?-p
五、更多mysql安裝卸載參考
linux 5 下安裝mysql 5.6(rpm方式)
linux 下卸載mysql 5
linux下基于源碼方式安裝mysql 5.6
linux 下mysql源碼安裝完整版
mysql 源碼scr.rpm安裝的一點注意事項
對于mysql的數據庫的安裝，我們有很多種選擇來完成。而最為常用的為二進制安裝以及源碼安裝。二進制安裝方式中，包括rpm版本以及glibc版本。rpm版本就是在特定linux版本下編譯的，如果你的linux版本匹配，就可以安裝，如針對RedHat6或者RedHat7編譯好的rpm包，下載對應的安裝即可。還有另外一種二進制安裝包為基于特定的glibc版本編譯的，本文主要描述基于glibc方式安裝mysql。
一、準備安裝環境
###準備安裝介質下載地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz?###或者使用wget方式直接下載對應的版本 #?wget?http://www.php.cn/#?mkdir?-pv?/u01/app#?mkdir?-pv?/u01/soft#?mkdir?-pv?/u02/mysqldata#?cd?/u01/soft#?wget?http://www.php.cn/? #?tar?-xf?mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz#?ln?-sv?/u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64?/u01/app/mysql`/u01/app/mysql'?->?` /u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'###下面添加mysql用戶#?useradd?-r?mysql?-s?/sbin/nologin#?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/u01/app/mysql #?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/u02/mysqldata
二、初始化mysql
###使用以下的方式來初始化#?cd?/u01/app/mysql/bin#?./mysqld?--initialize?--basedir=/u01/app/mysql?--datadir=/u02/mysqldata? --user=mysql?--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp2016-06-28T02:18:23.437852Z?0?[Warning]?InnoDB:?New?log?files?created,LSN=457902016-06-28T02:18:23.718104Z?0? [Warning]?InnoDB:?Creating?foreign?key?constraint?system?tables.2016-06-28T02:18:23.866501Z?0?[Warning]? No?existing?UUID?has?been?found,?so?we?assume?that?this?is? the?first?time?that?this ?????server?has?been?started.?Generating?a?new?UUID:?9731b834-3cd6-11e6-8654-fcaa14e34b30.2016-06-28T02:18:23.896540Z?0? ?????[Warning]?Gtid?table?is?not?ready?to?be?used.?Table?'mysql.gtid_executed'?cannot?be?opened.2016-06-28T02:18:23.898416Z?1?[Note]?A? ?????temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost:?)%%D0pr,mU.Y#?ls?/u02/mysqldata/auto.cnf?client-cert.pem?ibdata1?performance_schema?sys ca-key.pem??client-key.pem???ib_logfile0??server-cert.pem ca.pem??????client-req.pem???ib_logfile1??server-key.pem ca-req.pem??ib_buffer_pool???mysql????????server-req.pem###從上面的結果可以看出?mysql?5.7多出了證書相關文件，安全較5.6有較大提升 ###mysql_install_db方式初始化數據已經被廢棄#?./mysql_install_db?--basedir=/u01/app/mysql?--datadir=/u02/mysqldata?--user=mysql2016-06-28?10:04:56?[WARNING]? mysql_install_db?is?deprecated.? Please?consider?switching?to?mysqld?--initialize2016-06-28?10:05:15?[WARNING]?The?bootstrap?log?isn't?empty:2016-06-28?10:05:15?[WARNING]? 2016-06-28T02:04:56.688237Z?0?[Warning]?--bootstrap?is?deprecated.?Please?consider?using?--initialize?instead2016-06-28T02:04:56.688654Z?0?[Warning]? Changed?limits:?max_open_files:?1024?(requested?5000)2016-06-28T02:04:56.688657Z?0?[Warning]?Changed?limits:?table_open_cache:?431?(requested?2000) ###如上書提示，mysql_install_db方式初始化數據已經被廢棄，建議使用mysqld?--initialize，同時也給出了參數限制的警告 #?cp?/u01/app/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf?/etc/my.cnf#?cp?/u01/app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld#?vim?/etc/my.cnf?[mysqld] sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES basedir=/u01/app/mysql datadir=/u02/mysqldata user=mysql port=3306#?vim?/etc/profile.d/mysql.shexport?MYSQL_HOME=/u01/app/mysql export?PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin#?source?/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh#?service?mysqld?startStarting?MySQL.???????????????????????????????????????? ????[??OK??]
三、配置安全選項
###使用初始化時得到的密碼配置安全選項 #?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation?-p)%%D0pr,mU.Y mysql_secure_installation:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure. Securing?the?MySQL?server?deployment. The?existing?password?for?the?user?account?root?has?expired.?Please?set?a?new?password. New?password:? Re-enter?new?password:? VALIDATE?PASSWORD?PLUGIN?can?be?used?to?test?passwordsand?improve?security.?It?checks?the?strength?of?passwordand?allows?the?users?to?set? only?those?passwords?which?aresecure?enough.?Would?you?like?to?setup?VALIDATE?PASSWORD?plugin? Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No:?y???###是否校驗密碼插件 There?are?three?levels?of?password?validation?policy: LOW????Length?>=?8MEDIUM?Length?>=?8,?numeric,?mixed?case,?and?special?characters STRONG?Length?>=?8,?numeric,?mixed?case,?special?characters?and?dictionary?file Please?enter?0?=?LOW,?1?=?MEDIUM?and?2?=?STRONG:?2??###設定密碼策略等級Using?existing?password?for?root. Estimated?strength?of?the?password:?100?Change?the?password?for?root???((Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:? ?...?skipping.By?default,?a?MySQL?installation?has?an?anonymous?user, allowing?anyone?to?log?into?MySQL?without?having?to?have a?user?account?created?for?them.?This?is?intended?only?fortesting,?and?to?make?the?installation?go?a?bit?smoother. You?should?remove?them?before?moving?into?a?production environment. Remove?anonymous?users??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否移除匿名用戶 Success. Normally,?root?should?only?be?allowed?to?connect?from'localhost'.?This?ensures?that?someone?cannot?guess?atthe?root?password?from?the?network. Disallow?root?login?remotely??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否關閉root遠程登陸功能 Success.By?default,?MySQL?comes?with?a?database?named?'test'?that anyone?can?access.?This?is?also?intended?only?for?testing,and?should?be?removed?before?moving?into?a?production environment. Remove?test?database?and?access?to?it??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否移除測試數據庫 ?-?Dropping?test?database...? Success. ?-?Removing?privileges?on?test?database... Success. Reloading?the?privilege?tables?will?ensure?that?all?changes made?so?far?will?take?effect?immediately. Reload?privilege?tables?now??(Press?y|Y?for?Yes,?any?other?key?for?No)?:?y??###是否立即生效權限表 Success.All?done!? ###以下為安全增強相關的部分參數 mysql>?show?variables?like?'valid%';+--------------------------------------+--------+|?Variable_name????????????????????????|?Value??| +--------------------------------------+--------+|?validate_password_dictionary_file????|????????| |?validate_password_length?????????????|?8??????| |?validate_password_mixed_case_count???|?1??????| |?validate_password_number_count???????|?1??????| |?validate_password_policy?????????????|?STRONG?| |?validate_password_special_char_count?|?1??????| +--------------------------------------+--------+
四、同一主機配置其他實例
###按上面描述的步驟創建其對應的目錄及授權后，再執行初始化###使用新的配置文件，如下文本示例使用的為3317#?mkdir?-pv?/u02/mysqldata3317 #?chown?-R?mysql:mysql?/u02/mysqldata?3317#?grep?-v?^#?/etc/my3317.cnf[mysqld] basedir=/u01/app/mysql datadir=/u02/mysqldata3317 user=mysql port=3317socket=/tmp/mysql3317.sock#?cd?/u01/app/mysql/bin#?./mysqld?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf? --initialize?--user=mysql?--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp #?2016-06-30T08:32:52.497519Z?0?[Warning]?InnoDB:?New?log?files?created,?LSN=457902016-06-30T08:32:52.852457Z?0? [Warning]?InnoDB:?Creating?foreign?key? constraint?system?tables.2016-06-30T08:32:53.042621Z?0?[Warning]?No?existing?UUID?has?been?found,? so?we?assume?that?this?is?the?first?time?that?this?server?has?been?started. ???Generating?a?new?UUID:?3cb1686d-3e9d-11e6-a71f-fcaa14e34b30.2016-06-30T08:32:53.081210Z?0?[Warning]?Gtid?table?is?not?ready?to?be?used.? Table?'mysql.gtid_executed'?cannot?be?opened.2016-06-30T08:32:53.082538Z?1?[Note]?A?temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost:?:8 #l!MCYoCNY###?Author?:?Leshami###?Blog???:?http://www.php.cn/#?mysqld_safe?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf?&[1]?58252016-06-30T08:11:49.468176Z? mysqld_safe?Logging?to?'/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.2016-06-30T08:11:49.480379Z?mysqld_safe?The?file?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld does?not?exist?or?is?not?executable.?Please?cd?to?the?mysql?installation directory?and?restart?this?script?from?there?as?follows: ./bin/mysqld_safe& See?http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html?for?more?information###如果執行mysqld_safe出現上述錯誤，可以創建軟鏈。這個地方有問題， 對于安裝在非缺省目錄時出現了這個問題。#?mkdir?-pv?/usr/local/mysql/bin/#?ln?-sv?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld?????? "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld"?->?"/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld"#?./mysqld_safe?--defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf?&[1]?82872016-06-30T08:38:38.455961Z? mysqld_safe?Logging?to?'/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.2016-06-30T08:38:38.471542Z?mysqld_safe?Starting?mysqld?daemon?with?databases?from?/u02/mysqldata3317 ###配置安全選項#?/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation?-P3317?-S?/tmp/mysql3317.sock?-p
五、更多mysql安裝卸載參考
linux 5 下安裝mysql 5.6(rpm方式)
linux 下卸載mysql 5
linux下基于源碼方式安裝mysql 5.6
linux 下mysql源碼安裝完整版
mysql 源碼scr.rpm安裝的一點注意事項
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