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redis欄目本篇主要闡述jedis對redis的五大類型的操作：字符串、列表、散列、集合、有序集合。

詳解Jedis對redis的操作

推薦：redis（免費）

##JedisUtil
這里的測試用例采用junit4進行運行，準備代碼如下：

    private static final String ipAddr = "10.10.195.112";     private static final int port = 6379;     private static Jedis jedis= null;      @BeforeClass     public static void init()     {         jedis = JedisUtil.getInstance().getJedis(ipAddr, port);     }      @AfterClass     public static void close()     {         JedisUtil.getInstance().closeJedis(jedis,ipAddr, port);     }

其中JedisUtil是對jedis做的簡單封裝，代碼如下：

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map;  import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;  public class JedisUtil {     private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());      private JedisUtil(){}      private static class RedisUtilHolder{         private static final JedisUtil instance = new JedisUtil();     }      public static JedisUtil getInstance(){         return RedisUtilHolder.instance;     }      private static Map<String,JedisPool> maps = new HashMap<String,JedisPool>();      private static JedisPool getPool(String ip, int port){         String key = ip+":"+port;         JedisPool pool = null;         if(!maps.containsKey(key))         {             JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();             config.setMaxActive(RedisConfig.MAX_ACTIVE);             config.setMaxIdle(RedisConfig.MAX_IDLE);             config.setMaxWait(RedisConfig.MAX_WAIT);             config.setTestOnBorrow(true);             config.setTestOnReturn(true);              pool = new JedisPool(config,ip,port,RedisConfig.TIMEOUT);             maps.put(key, pool);         }         else         {             pool = maps.get(key);         }         return pool;             }      public Jedis getJedis(String ip, int port)     {         Jedis jedis = null;         int count = 0;         do         {             try             {                 jedis = getPool(ip,port).getResource();             }             catch (Exception e)             {                 logger.error("get redis master1 failed!",e);                 getPool(ip,port).returnBrokenResource(jedis);             }         }         while(jedis == null && count<RedisConfig.RETRY_NUM);         return jedis;     }      public void closeJedis(Jedis jedis, String ip, int port){         if(jedis != null)         {             getPool(ip,port).returnResource(jedis);         }     } }  public class RedisConfig {     //可用連接實例的最大數目，默認值為8；     //如果賦值為-1，則表示不限制；如果pool已經分配了maxActive個jedis實例，則此時pool的狀態為exhausted(耗盡)。     public static int MAX_ACTIVE = 1024;      //控制一個pool最多有多少個狀態為idle(空閑的)的jedis實例，默認值也是8。     public static int MAX_IDLE = 200;      //等待可用連接的最大時間，單位毫秒，默認值為-1，表示永不超時。如果超過等待時間，則直接拋出JedisConnectionException；     public static int MAX_WAIT = 10000;      public static int TIMEOUT = 10000;      public static int RETRY_NUM = 5; }

##鍵操作

    @Test public void testKey() throws InterruptedException     {         System.out.println("清空數據："+jedis.flushDB());         System.out.println("判斷某個鍵是否存在："+jedis.exists("username"));         System.out.println("新增<'username','zzh'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("username", "zzh"));         System.out.println(jedis.exists("name"));         System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對："+jedis.set("password", "password"));         System.out.print("系統中所有的鍵如下：");         Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*");         System.out.println(keys);         System.out.println("刪除鍵password:"+jedis.del("password"));         System.out.println("判斷鍵password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password"));         System.out.println("設置鍵username的過期時間為5s:"+jedis.expire("username", 5));         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);         System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩余生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));         System.out.println("移除鍵username的生存時間："+jedis.persist("username"));         System.out.println("查看鍵username的剩余生存時間："+jedis.ttl("username"));         System.out.println("查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型："+jedis.type("username"));     }

輸出結果：

清空數據：OK 判斷某個鍵是否存在：false 新增<'username','zzh'>的鍵值對：OK false 新增<'password','password'>的鍵值對：OK 系統中所有的鍵如下：[username, password] 刪除鍵password:1 判斷鍵password是否存在：false 設置鍵username的過期時間為5s:1 查看鍵username的剩余生存時間：3 移除鍵username的生存時間：1 查看鍵username的剩余生存時間：-1 查看鍵username所存儲的值的類型：string

##字符串操作
在Redis里面，字符串可以存儲三種類型的值：

字節串(byte string)
整數
浮點數

###字節串

    @Test public void testString() throws InterruptedException     {         jedis.flushDB();         System.out.println("===========增加數據===========");         System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1"));         System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2"));         System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3"));         System.out.println("刪除鍵key2:"+jedis.del("key2"));         System.out.println("獲取鍵key2:"+jedis.get("key2"));         System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1Changed"));         System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));         System.out.println("在key3后面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "End"));         System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3"));         System.out.println("增加多個鍵值對："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03"));         System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));         System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04"));         System.out.println("刪除多個鍵值對："+jedis.del(new String[]{"key01","key02"}));         System.out.println("獲取多個鍵值對："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03"));          jedis.flushDB();         System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值==============");         System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1"));         System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2"));         System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new"));         System.out.println(jedis.get("key1"));         System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));          System.out.println("===========新增鍵值對并設置有效時間=============");         System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3"));         System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));         TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);         System.out.println(jedis.get("key3"));          System.out.println("===========獲取原值，更新為新值==========");//GETSET is an atomic set this value and return the old value command.         System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet"));         System.out.println(jedis.get("key2"));          System.out.println("獲得key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4));     }

輸出結果：

===========增加數據=========== OK OK OK 刪除鍵key2:1 獲取鍵key2:null 修改key1:OK 獲取key1的值：value1Changed 在key3后面加入值：9 key3的值：value3End 增加多個鍵值對：OK 獲取多個鍵值對：[value01, value02, value03] 獲取多個鍵值對：[value01, value02, value03, null] 刪除多個鍵值對：2 獲取多個鍵值對：[null, null, value03] ===========新增鍵值對防止覆蓋原先值============== 1 1 0 value1 value2 ===========新增鍵值對并設置有效時間============= OK value3 null ===========獲取原值，更新為新值========== value2 key2GetSet 獲得key2的值的字串：y2G

memcached和redis同樣有append的操作，但是memcached有prepend的操作，redis中并沒有。

###整數和浮點數

    @Test public void testNumber()     {         jedis.flushDB();         jedis.set("key1", "1");         jedis.set("key2", "2");         jedis.set("key3", "2.3");         System.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));         System.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));         System.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1"));         System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));         System.out.println("key2的值減1："+jedis.decr("key2"));         System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));         System.out.println("將key1的值加上整數5："+jedis.incrBy("key1", 5));         System.out.println("獲取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1"));         System.out.println("將key2的值減去整數5："+jedis.decrBy("key2", 5));         System.out.println("獲取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2"));     }

輸出結果：

key1的值：1 key2的值：2 key1的值加1：2 獲取key1的值：2 key2的值減1：1 獲取key2的值：1 將key1的值加上整數5：7 獲取key1的值：7 將key2的值減去整數5：-4 獲取key2的值：-4

在redis2.6或以上版本中有這個命令：incrbyfloat，即將鍵存儲的值加上浮點數amount，jedis-2.1.0中不支持這一操作。

##列表
@Test public void testList()
{
jedis.flushDB();
System.out.println(“=添加一個list=”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “ArrayList”, “Vector”, “Stack”, “HashMap”, “WeakHashMap”, “LinkedHashMap”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “HashSet”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “TreeSet”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “TreeMap”);
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));//-1代表倒數第一個元素，-2代表倒數第二個元素
System.out.println(“collections區間0-3的元素：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”,0,3));
System.out.println(“=“);
// 刪除列表指定的值，第二個參數為刪除的個數（有重復時），后add進去的值先被刪，類似于出棧
System.out.println(“刪除指定元素個數：”+jedis.lrem(“collections”, 2, “HashMap”));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“刪除下表0-3區間之外的元素：”+jedis.ltrim(“collections”, 0, 3));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections列表出棧（左端）：”+jedis.lpop(“collections”));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應：”+jedis.rpush(“collections”, “EnumMap”));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections列表出棧（右端）：”+jedis.rpop(“collections”));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“修改collections指定下標1的內容：”+jedis.lset(“collections”, 1, “LinkedArrayList”));
System.out.println(“collections的內容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“=”);
System.out.println(“collections的長度：”+jedis.llen(“collections”));
System.out.println(“獲取collections下標為2的元素：”+jedis.lindex(“collections”, 2));
System.out.println(“===============================”);
jedis.lpush(“sortedList”, “3”,“6”,“2”,“0”,“7”,“4”);
System.out.println(“sortedList排序前：”+jedis.lrange(“sortedList”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(jedis.sort(“sortedList”));
System.out.println(“sortedList排序后：”+jedis.lrange(“sortedList”, 0, -1));
}
輸出結果：

===========添加一個list=========== collections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] collections區間0-3的元素：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] =============================== 刪除指定元素個數：1 collections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] 刪除下表0-3區間之外的元素：OK collections的內容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] collections列表出棧（左端）：TreeMap collections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] collections添加元素，從列表右端，與lpush相對應：4 collections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, EnumMap] collections列表出棧（右端）：EnumMap collections的內容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] 修改collections指定下標1的內容：OK collections的內容：[TreeSet, LinkedArrayList, LinkedHashMap] =============================== collections的長度：3 獲取collections下標為2的元素：LinkedHashMap =============================== sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3] [0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7] sortedList排序后：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]

Redis中還有阻塞式的列表彈出命令以及在列表之間移動元素的命令：blpop, brpop, rpoplpush, brpoplpush等。

##集合（Set）

    @Test public void testSet()     {         jedis.flushDB();         System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============");         System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));         System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));         System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6"));         System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));         System.out.println("刪除一個元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0"));         System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));         System.out.println("刪除兩個元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7","e6"));         System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));         System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));         System.out.println("隨機的移除集合中的一個元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet"));         System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素為："+jedis.smembers("eleSet"));         System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的個數："+jedis.scard("eleSet"));         System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3"));         System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1"));         System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5"));         System.out.println("=================================");         System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5"));         System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8"));         System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e1并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1"));         System.out.println("將eleSet1中刪除e2并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2"));         System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));         System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet3"));         System.out.println("============集合運算=================");         System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1"));         System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet2"));         System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2"));         System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:"+jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2"));         System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有，eleSet2中沒有     }

輸出結果：

============向集合中添加元素============ 8 1 0 eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e6, e5] 刪除一個元素e0：1 eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e7, e6, e5] 刪除兩個元素e7和e6：2 eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e5] 隨機的移除集合中的一個元素：e5 隨機的移除集合中的一個元素：e2 eleSet的所有元素為：[e3, e4, e1, e8] eleSet中包含元素的個數：4 e3是否在eleSet中：true e1是否在eleSet中：true e1是否在eleSet中：false ================================= 8 6 將eleSet1中刪除e1并存入eleSet3中：1 將eleSet1中刪除e2并存入eleSet3中：1 eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet3中的元素：[e1, e2] ============集合運算================= eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet2中的元素：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8] eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:[e3, e4, e0, e8] eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:[e7, e5]

關于Set還有一些其他命令：srandmember, sdiffstore, sinterstore, sunionstore等。

##散列

    @Test public void testHash()     {         jedis.flushDB();         Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();         map.put("key1","value1");         map.put("key2","value2");         map.put("key3","value3");         map.put("key4","value4");         jedis.hmset("hash",map);         jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5");         System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String>         System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵為："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String>         System.out.println("散列hash的所有值為："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String>         System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6));         System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));         System.out.println("將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3));         System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));         System.out.println("刪除一個或者多個鍵值對："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2"));         System.out.println("散列hash的所有鍵值對為："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));         System.out.println("散列hash中鍵值對的個數："+jedis.hlen("hash"));         System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2"));         System.out.println("判斷hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3"));         System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3"));         System.out.println("獲取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4"));     }

輸出結果：

散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 散列hash的所有鍵為：[key4, key3, key5, key2, key1] 散列hash的所有值為：[value4, value3, value1, value2, value5] 將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6：6 散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=6, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 將key6保存的值加上一個整數，如果key6不存在則添加key6：9 散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 刪除一個或者多個鍵值對：1 散列hash的所有鍵值對為：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key1=value1} 散列hash中鍵值對的個數：5 判斷hash中是否存在key2：false 判斷hash中是否存在key3：true 獲取hash中的值：[value3] 獲取hash中的值：[value3, value4]

##有序集合

    @Test public void testSortedSet()     {         jedis.flushDB();         Map<Double,String> map = new HashMap<>();         map.put(1.2,"key2");         map.put(4.0, "key3");         map.put(5.0,"key4");         map.put(0.2,"key5");         System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1"));         System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeWithScores("zset", 0, -1));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScore("zset", 0,100));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScoreWithScores("zset", 0,100));         System.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2"));         System.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2"));         System.out.println("刪除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3"));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));         System.out.println("zset中元素的個數："+jedis.zcard("zset"));         System.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4));         System.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2"));         System.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3"));         System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1));     }

輸出結果：

1 4 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4] zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]] zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4] zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]] zset中key2的分值：1.2 zset中key2的排名：1 刪除zset中的元素key3：1 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key4] zset中元素的個數：4 zset中分值在1-4之間的元素的個數：2 key2的分值加上5：6.2 key3的分值加上4：4.0 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key1, key3, key4, key2]

有序集合還有諸如zinterstore, zunionstore, zremrangebyscore, zremrangebyrank, zrevrank, zrevrange, zrangebyscore等命令。

##排序sort

    @Test public void testSort()     {         jedis.flushDB();         jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap");         System.out.println("collections的內容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1));         SortingParams sortingParameters = new SortingParams();         System.out.println(jedis.sort("collections",sortingParameters.alpha()));         System.out.println("===============================");         jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4");         System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1));         System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.asc()));         System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.desc()));         System.out.println("===============================");         jedis.lpush("userlist", "33");           jedis.lpush("userlist", "22");           jedis.lpush("userlist", "55");           jedis.lpush("userlist", "11");           jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66");           jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55");           jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33");           jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79");           jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24");           jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing");           jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai");           jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou");           jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing");           jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an");           sortingParameters = new SortingParams();         sortingParameters.get("user:*->name");           sortingParameters.get("user:*->add");          System.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingParameters));     }

輸出結果：

collections的內容：[LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] [ArrayList, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, Stack, Vector, WeakHashMap] =============================== sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3] 升序：[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7] 升序：[7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0] =============================== [24, beijing, 79, shanghai, 33, guangzhou, 55, chongqing]

以上就是詳解Jedis對

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