先寫段獨白
兩年多沒用php寫過代碼了，現在從新撿起來，以前用tp，但tp的版本更新很不友好，所以這次一步到位用laravel。先docker環境開始吧，我會一邊嘗試一邊寫，也歡迎大家和我互動，多教我一些東西。我也希望我的新手經驗可以幫到一些人。
【推薦：laravel教程】
一. docker Desktop安裝
論壇里詳細教程
二. 運行容器(遇到「坑」了！)
我就是按照教程一步一步操作的，直到第六步我的運行并沒有很順利，出現了以下情況
ERROR: Service 'laravel.test' failed to build : Build failed
我在仔細看了一下日志，錯誤出現在
#9 7.166 Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have #9 7.166 requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable #9 7.166 distribution that some required packages have not yet been created #9 7.166 or been moved out of Incoming.#9 7.166 The following information may help to resolve the situation:#9 7.166#9 7.166 The following packages have unmet dependencies:#9 7.262 gnupg : Depends: gpgv (< 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1.1~) but 2.2.20-1ubuntu3 is to be installed #9 7.264 perl : Depends: perl-base (= 5.30.0-9ubuntu0.2) but 5.32.1-3ubuntu2.1 is to be installed #9 7.264 Recommends: netbase but it is not going to be installed #9 7.264 perl-base : Breaks: perl (< 5.32.1~) but 5.30.0-9ubuntu0.2 is to be installed #9 7.265 zlib1g-dev : Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu1.2) but 1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu6 is to be installed #9 7.265 Depends: libc6-dev but it is not going to be installed or #9 7.265 libc-dev #9 7.283 E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
有很多依賴貌似有問題
#9 7.262 gnupg : Depends: gpgv (< 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1.1~) but 2.2.20-1ubuntu3 is to be installed
應該是更高的版本被安裝了，于是我嘗試替換apt-get使用aptitude與 apt-get 不同的是，aptitude 在處理依賴問題上更佳一些。舉例來說，aptitude 在刪除一個包時，會同時刪除本身所依賴的包。這樣，系統中不會殘留無用的包，整個系統更為干凈。
于是我調整了一下Dockerfile
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg gosu curl ca-certificates zip unzip git supervisor sqlite3 libcap2-bin libpng-dev python2
變成了
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y aptitude && aptitude install -y gnupg gosu curl ca-certificates zip unzip git supervisor sqlite3 libcap2-bin libpng-dev python2
再次運行
./vendor/bin/sail up
情況變得不同了，但依然報了錯誤
#9 32.31 E: gnupg, gnupg2 and gnupg1 do not seem to be installed, but one of them is required for this operation
并沒有安裝成功，只是執行了過去
又嘗試了apt-get install -f但依然沒什么效果
好吧，換個思路觀察了一下，既然說的更高版本已經安裝，那我就基于更高的ubuntu去做，于是我修改了FROM，從
FROM ubuntu:21.04
改到了
FROM ubuntu:latest
好吧，新的依賴問題來了
#9 44.96 Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have #9 44.96 requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable #9 44.96 distribution that some required packages have not yet been created #9 44.96 or been moved out of Incoming.#9 44.96 The following information may help to resolve the situation:#9 44.96#9 44.96 The following packages have unmet dependencies:#9 45.08 php8.0-bcmath : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-cli : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: php8.0-opcache but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libxml2 (>= 2.8.0) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-curl : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-dev : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Recommends: pkg-php-tools but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-gd : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-igbinary : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-imap : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-intl : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libicu67 (>= 67.1-1~) but it is not installable #9 45.08 php8.0-ldap : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-mbstring : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-memcached : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-msgpack : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-mysql : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-pcov : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-pgsql : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-readline : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-redis : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-soap : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libxml2 (>= 2.7.4) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-sqlite3 : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-swoole : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-xdebug : Depends: php8.0-common but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-xml : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libxml2 (>= 2.9.0) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libxslt1.1 (>= 1.1.25) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 php8.0-zip : Depends: php8.0-common (= 8.0.12-1+ubuntu21.04.1+deb.sury.org+1) but it is not going to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed #9 45.08 Depends: libzip4 (>= 1.7.0) but it is not installable #9 45.10 E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
搜索了一下，貌似找到了一個解決方案
Solve it with downgrade sail composer require laravel/sail:^1.7.0 php artisan sail:install and in ubuntu terminal sail up --build
好，繼續嘗試，首先運行
composer require laravel/sail:^1.7.0
發現報錯，具體錯誤忘記了。
我看了一下php版本是7.x于是使用
brew install php 發現報錯
Error: Failure while executing; `cp -pR /var/folders/vq/934y4t116875gz570v8drdcm0000gn/T/d20211115-17671-1n3qf1o/openssl@1.1/. /usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1` exited with 1. Here's the output:cp: utimes: /usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1/.: Operation not permitted cp: chmod: /usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1/.: Operation not permitted
看了一下是沒權限，使用sudo brew install php
Error: Running Homebrew as root is extremely dangerous and no longer supported.As Homebrew does not drop privileges on installation you would be giving all build scripts full access to your system.
發現sudo不支持。
于是sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/Cellar改變目錄權限
正常運行
使用php -v看了一下版本，還是7.0
使用
brew unlink php70
brew link php
sudo vim ~/.bash_profile
在文件末尾追加
PATH="$(brew --prefix php)/bin:$PATH"export PYTHON_ENV=development
php -v
php8.0安裝成功
PHP 8.0.12 (cli) (built: Oct 21 2021 14:49:05) ( NTS )Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v4.0.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
繼續
composer require laravel/sail:^1.7.0
發現沒有沒有找到，想到可能是國內composer源有問題
[InvalidArgumentException] Could not find package laravel/laravel with stability stable
我是安裝了composer 的中國鏡像，其實就是composer 的中國鏡像出了問題，后來我直接把他改了，換成另外一個地址就行了
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.org
成功。
第二步
php artisan sail:install
成功。
第三步
sail up
成功。解決問題。
最后localhost
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